AIOU PHD FOOD AND NUTRITION


PhD Food and Nutrition

INTRODUCTION

The PhD Food and Nutrition programme is a value added degree programme that focuses on the research based prevention of wide range nutritional problems. The programme is partially funded by DFID & British Council under Higher Education Link (HEL) Programme. Technical assistance and expert advice has been provided by the Center for Health and Nutrition Research, Nine Wells Hospital of University of Dundee, Scotland.
 
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
The minimum entry requirement for PhD Food and Nutrition is
  • First class masters degree in Food and Nutrition/Community Health and Nutrition with three years teaching and research experience.
  • Second class masters degree in Food and Nutrition and in addition have successfully completed their MPhil in Food and Nutrition.
However admission will be entirely restricted to the number of seats available and results of an entry test and interview. The applicant would be required to undertake a computer based entry test and interview as per schedule announced by the University before being admitted to the PhD degree programme.

DURATION AND CREDIT REQUIREMENT

1. M.Sc
Duration
Minimum Ten semesters (Five years)
Maximum Fourteen semesters (Seven years)
AIOU credit
requirement
Twelve full AIOU credits*
Half Credit Course (42 hrs)
Full Credit Course (56 hrs)
Course work
Four full credits
Research/ Thesis
Eight full credits
2. M.Phil

Duration
Minimum Eight semesters (Four years)
Maximum Ten semesters (Five years)
AIOU credit
requirement
Eight full AIOU credits
Half Credit Course (42 hrs)
Full Credit Course (56 hrs)
Research/ Thesis
Eight full credits

SCHEME OF STUDIES AND COURSE CONTENTS

Code No.
Course Title
Credit
1775
Advanced Food and Nutrition
Full Credit (F.C)
1776
Dietetic Practice
Half Credit (H.C)
1777
Food Analysis
F.C
1778
Research Techniques in
Health and Nutrition
F.C
1779
Computer Applications in
Food and Nutrition
H.C
1785
Research Thesis
Eight Full Credits

AIOU FEE TARIFF

Semester 1
Semester 2
Admission/ Registration Course Fee
Total
Rs. 15,000
Rs. 16,045
Rs. 31,045
 Course Fee
Lab Fee
Total
Rs. 16,030
Rs. 8000
Rs. 24,030
Semester 3
Semester 4
Synopsis Fee
Supervisor Fee
Adv. Committee Fee
Two credit fee for research work
Total
Rs. 8830
Rs. 5000
Rs.10, 000

Rs. 32,000
Rs. 55,830
Supervisor Fee
Adv. Committee Fee Two credit fee for research work
Total
 
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 10,000

Rs. 32,000
Rs. 52,000
Semester 5
Semester 6
Supervisor Fee
Adv. Committee Fee
Two credit fee for research work
Total
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 10,000

Rs. 32,000
Rs. 52,000
Supervisor Fee
Two Credit Fee for Research Work
Evaluation Fee
Viva Voce Fee
Total
Rs. 25,000

Rs. 32,000
Rs. 40,000
Rs. 10,000
Rs. 107,000

Enrollment PhD Food and Nutrition was first time launched in Autumn 2004. Initially the programme is offered in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Currently one student is enrolled and she is in Ist semester.   Alumni To be awaited

*One Half Credit=3hrs Teaching per week per course per semester
  In case of practical 2 hrs for Teaching and 1hrs for practical
 
  One Full Credit=6hrs Teaching per week per course per semester
  In case of practical 4hrs for Teaching and 2hrs for practical

BUSINESS RESEARCH MBA 524

BUSINESS RESEARCH

COURSE OUTLINE (MBA-524)

 UNIT 1            : INTRODUCTION

                1.1          Research
a)    Defining Research
b)    Need and Importance of Research

                1.2          Research in Business
a)      Research and Decision Making
b)      Classification of Research
c)      Research Objectives
d)      Research in functional Areas of business
e)      The Manager Research Relationship
f)        Why Study Research?
g)      State of Scientific Development

                1.3          Scientific Thinking                                                        
    ‑      Nature of Science
                ‑      Scientific versus unscientific methods
                ‑      Foundation of Scientific Method
a)        Concepts
b)        Definitions
c)        Hypothesis
d)        Theory
    ‑      The inference process                                                                          
a)        Sources of belief
b)        Argument Analysis
c)        Deduction
d)        Induction
e)        Induction ‑ Deduction Sequence

UNIT 2: RESEARCH DESIGN

                2.1          The Research Process                                                                    
                2.1.1          Step of research process                                         
    a)        Exploration
    b)        Data Collection                                
    c)        Analysis and Interpretation
                2.1.2          The Origin of a Research Need                                                
                2.1.3          The General decision process                                                 
    a)        Decision Components
    b)        Need for research assistance
                2.1.4          The value of Research Information                    
    a)        The problems of information valuation
    b)        Ex‑post facto Evaluation
 c)            Decision theory approach
                2.1.5          The delineation of the research task                  
    a)        Problems of client relations
    b)        Research question development

                2.2         Research Design                                                                                              
                2.2.1          What is Research Design?                                         
                2.2.2         Classification of designs                          
    a)        Degree of problem crystallization
    b)        The topical scope
    c)        The research environment
    d)        The time dimension
    e)        The communication modes
    f)         Researcher control of variables
    g)        Nature of relationships among variables

                2.2.3         Exploratory Research                                                              
    a)        Methods of Exploration
    b)        Experience Survey
    c)        The End of Exploration
    d)        Descriptive Studies

                2.2.4         Causal Inference                                                                         
    a)        Inductive logic
    b)        Linkage Relationship
    c)        Positional Relationships
    d)        Testing Casual Hypothesis.
    e)        Casual Inference and Experimental Design
    f)         Casual Inference and ex‑post facto design


UNIT 3: SAMPLING DESIGN
3.1          The Nature of Sampling                                                                                 
3.1.1          Why sample?                                                                  
3.1.2          What is good sample?                                                                 
3.1.3          Types of sample Design                                                             
3.1.4          Advantages of Sampling                                                            
3.1.5          Limitation of Sampling
                                                 
3.2         Probability Sampling                                                                      
3.2.1          Sampling Procedure                                                   
3.2.2         Steps in Sampling Design                                          
3.2.3         Sampling Concepts                                    
3.2.4         Sample Size Decision    
3.2.5         Sampling of Attributes
                                               
3.3         Complex Probability Sampling                                                  
3.3.1          Systematic Sampling                                                  
3.3.2         Stratified Sampling                                                                    
3.3.3         Cluster Sampling                                                                           
3.3.4              E use of Non‑Probability Sampling
3.4.1          Conditions of use                                                                          
3.4.2         Sampling Method                                                         

UNIT 4: MEASUREMENT AND SCALING
4.1          Measurement                                                                   
4.1.1          The Nature of Measurement                  
a)        What is measurement?
b)        Measurement defined

4.1.2          Measurement Scales                 
a)        Nominal Scales
b)        Ordinal Scales
c)        Interval Scales
d)        Ratio Scales

4.1.3          The characteristics of Sound Measurement
a)        Validity
b)        Reliability
c)        Practicability
4.1.4          The Development of Measurement Tools

4.2         Scaling                
4.2.1          The Nature of Scaling                                                 
                                                    a)        Scaling defined
                                                    b)        Scale classification

4.2.2         Response Methods                                    
                                                    a)        Rating Scales
                                                    b)        Attitude Scales  

4.2.3         Scale Construction Techniques                                            
                                                    a)        Arbitrary Scales
                                                    b)        Consensus Scaling
                                                    c)        Item analysis
                                                    d)        Cumulative Scales
                                                    e)        Factor Scales

UNIT 5            : USE OF SECONDARY DATA
5.1          The Nature of Secondary Data Sources                                                
5.2         The use of Secondary data                                              
5.3         Types of Secondary data Sources                                   
5.4         Statistical Sources                                                                                         
5.5         Data Search procedures                              
                                   
5.5.1          Use of library                                               
            
a)        Card Catalogue

b)        Index and bibliographies
‑ Periodical Indexes
‑ Bibliographies
-  National & Trade Bibliographies
‑ Subject bibliographies
-  Library Catalogues

    c)       Reference books
‑ Dictionaries and Encyclopaedia
‑ Directories
‑ Bibliographical dictionaries

5.5.2         Evaluating Secondary Data                                    
                                                    a)        Data pertinence                                                              
                                                    b)        Data quality

UNIT 6: DATA COLLECTION-I

                     SURVEY INSTRUMENTS AND FIELD PROCEDURES

                6.1          Survey Instrument Design                         
                                         
6.1.1          The Survey Situation            
   a)        The Need to Survey
                                                    b)        Communication Holds
                                                                i)   Personal mode
                                                               ii)  Impersonal mode
                                      iii) Mixed mode

                                                    c)        Process Structure
                                                                i)   Questioning Structure
                                                                ii)  Response Structure

                                                    d)        Objective Disguise

6.1.2          The Instrument Development Process
                                                    a)        Question hierarchy
                                                    b)        Schedule design process
                                                                ‑   Information need determination
                                                                ‑   Data gathering process decisions
                                                                ‑   Instrument drafting
                                                                ‑   Instrument Testing
                                                                ‑   Specification of procedures

6.1.3          Question Construction                                                             
                                                    a)        Question context
                                                    b)        Question wording
                                                    c)        Response structure
                                                                 i)   Two way questions
                ii)  Multiple choice questions
                                                    d)        Question sequence

6.1.4          Reason analysis                          
                                               
                6.2         Field Procedures

                6.2.1      Personal Interviewing                                                                 
    a)        The value of Personal Interviewing
b)        Requirement for interview success
c)        Interviewing Technique
‑   Increasing Respondents Receptiveness                          
‑   The Introduction
d)        Personal interview problems
‑   Non‑response error
‑   Response error
    e)        Interviewer selection and training

                6.2.2         Telephone Interviewing          
                         
                6.2.3         Interviewing by mail
a)        Evaluation of mail surveys
            i)  Advantages and Disadvantages
b)        Mail Survey procedures
c)        Improving the returns from a mail survey

                    6.3         Observation                                      

                                    6.3.1      Strength                                                                                               
              6.3.2    Weaknesses                                                                                                     

UNIT 7: DATA COLLECTION-II

                    OBSERVATION, EXPERIMENTATION AND SIMMULATION


                7.1         Experimentation and Simulation                                                            
                                7.1.1          The Nature of experimentation                                                           
    a)        Validity and Experimentation
1)    Internal Validity
2)    External Validity

                                7.1.2         Experimental Research design                                    
    1)        Pre‑experimental designs
    2)        True experimental designs
    3)        Quasi‑Experiments

                                7.1.3         Simulation                                                                            
a)        What is simulation?
b)        Business application of simulation

                7.2         Observation                                                                                             
                                7.2.1         The use of observation                                                            
    a)        Non‑behaviour observation
    b)        Behaviour observation

                                7.2.2         The Observer Subject Relationship             
    a)        Directness of observation
    b)        Observer concealment

                                7.2.3         Observation Design                                                   
a)        The Content of Observation
b)        Rewarding Observation
c)        Increasing the reliability of observation                             
d)        The relation of observe and observed

UNIT 8: DATA ANALYSIS

                8.1          Elements of Analysis                                                                      
8.1.1      Data Preparation                                                            
                                                a)    Editing
                                                b)    Coding

8.1.2      Special data problem                                                    
                                                a)    Don't know responses
                                                b)    The use of percentages

8.1.3      Tabulation                                                         
                                                a)    Hand tabulation
                                                b)    Computer tabulation

8.1.4      Data presentation                                                                            
                                                Data reduction

8.1.5      Data Analysis                                                   
                                                a)    Descriptive analysis
                                                b)    Casual analysis
                                                c)    Computerized analysis
                                                d)    Cross tabulation
                                                e)    Asymmetrical relationships

UNIT 9: REPORT WRITING
                9.1          The Research Proposal                                                                                                  
                9.2         The Research Report                                                                                             
                                        9.2.1      Reports Types 
                                        9.2.2     Short Reports 
                                        9.2.3     Long Reports         
                                        9.2.4     Technical Reports 
                                        9.2.5     Popular Reports              
                                        9.2.6     Other Reports                  
                                               
9.3         Research Report Format                                                                                                            
                9.3.1      Logical   
                9.3.2      Psychological 
                9.3.3     Chronological                                                                                                                                                                                                          

RECOMMENDED BOOKS:

1.                   Business Research Methods (revised edition) by Emory.
2.                  Research Methodology for Business & Social Problems by Dr. Matin A. Khan.
3.         Methods in Social Research by Goode & Hatt.

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